Swami Vivekananda’s Message of Tyaga (Renunciation) and Seva (Selfless Service)
The national ideals of India are RENUNCIATION and SERVICE. Intensify her in those channels and the rest will take care of itself. (Works, Vol. V p. 228)
It is human nature to forget. So from time to time, there come divine incarnations like Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa (1836-1886) and his brilliant student, Swami Vivekananda (Swamiji) (1863-1902) to remind man of his real purpose in life and restore the thinking of the masses from errors that creep in naturally. Man lives in ignorance of his true Self and becoming deluded makes incorrect decisions impacting the individual and the community at large including the nation. When incorrect decisions are made, it shatters not only individual peace but global harmony.
Repeatedly, man has been cautioned in practically all the sacred revered Hindu literature that the overarching purpose of human birth is a unique opportunity for Self-unfoldment. Human birth is difficult to get and wasting this short life span on merely acquiring and becoming attached to physical objects, name and fame, and temporal relationships is short-sighted. This does not mean that man should aspire for nothing and sit down and do nothing. Get wealth but do not become attached to it. If name and fame come, take it in a spirit of detachment. Cultivate relationships but in the right way of detachment.
Is it possible for an individual to live in the material world and still advance spiritually? How can one renounce and still acquire possessions at the same time? It almost appears to be a contradiction in terms. The renunciation or tyaga that Sri Krishna, Swamiji, and all our gurus have spoken of is mental. As soon as man begins to be possessive of things, emotions, and people, a great fear arises of losing them thereby shattering peace of mind. On the other hand, if there is no attachment for the things, emotions, and people, then the mind remains calm and unaffected. Man sits on a train and watches the trees, things, and people pass by without wanting to own them. He certainly fails to cry and shed tears that a tree passed by and he could not grab it.
A question arises if anything at all belongs to man? Quite clearly, without the slightest hesitation, Isa Upanishad tells the blunt truth that all belongs to God which man claims as his own in ignorance:
“Om. (Know that) all this—whatsoever moves on the earth—is enveloped by God. Therefore, find your enjoyment in renunciation: do not covet what belongs to others.” (Isa Up. 1)
If nothing belongs to man then there is no need to cry for it. If man understands this simple truth that all belongs to God then there is nothing to give up! An individual can only give up that which belongs to him! An individual can only claim ownership of a thing that belongs to him unless the man happens to be a thief.
Almost all would be appalled to hear that we claim to own what belongs to another. So how did this basic truth escape us? There is some comfort in knowing that all others are behaving similarly in error. We mimic what others do, even their mistakes. The sacred literature along with divine incarnations and gurus tell us gently and constantly that all this belongs to another. We are passengers that may use the things provided but are unable to take them with us when we disembark from the train of present birth. For our mental composure and happiness, Sri Krishna advises in the Bhagavad Gita:
“One who abandons all desires and becomes free from longing and the feeling of ‘I’ and ‘my’ attains peace. O Arjuna, this is the Braahmee or superconscious state. Attaining this, one is no longer deluded. Gaining this state, even at the end of one’s life, a person attains oneness with the Supreme.” (B.G. 2:71, 72)
For one who gives up the idea of ownership, there is peace of mind and Self-realization, the end goal of human birth. So easy to understand yet so difficult to apply! Swamiji asks us to give up the notion of ownership and the rest will follow automatically. Man being who he is immediately jumps to the conclusion that he must give up work as nothing belongs to him. It suits him fine if work is to be discarded then he can take it easy without any feelings of guilt. Man argues, all sants says give up everything so let me begin by stopping my formal employment, put on a garb of orange and allow others to feed me, others are supposed to share their food anyway. To avoid this misunderstanding, Swamiji asks right away that we work diligently and without self-interest. We are passengers on a train who are using all amenities but must reciprocate in the form of work for the trip. We have all been assigned our natural work in life which must be done (B.G. 3:08). Again, only a dishonest passenger leaves the train without paying his fare. In case, while working we become possessive about the work and its product, Swamiji cautions us to do so without becoming attached to it.
“The essential thing is renunciation. Without renunciation none can pour out his whole heart in working for others. The man of renunciation sees all with an equal eye and devotes himself to the service of all.” (Works, Vol.V. p. 382)
The wonderful thing that happens when man stops being possessive about work is the great concentration that arises along with peace of mind. The calm mind is focused on work in the present instead of being dissipated by anxiety and worry over the future product. Swamiji has thus placed renunciation and service on an equally important footing for man. Service is a subset of renunciation. Giving up ownership of work and its product is service while giving up ownership of everything including work is renunciation.
Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa sums up Sri Krishna’s teaching in the Bhagavad Gita in one word: tyaga, tyaga. The Holy mother, Sri Sarada Devi says similarly, “The less you become attached to the world, the more you will enjoy peace of mind. ” The only way to know God is to give up all desire for ownership of any kind. When all selfish desires are abandoned, man becomes fit for Self-realization.
The concept of renunciation and service is ancient and comes from Vedas where it was originally called yajna. In a much later time period, Sri Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita describes many types of yajna given in the Vedas:
Thus many types of yajnas are described in the Vedas. Know them all to be born from Karma or the action of body, mind, and senses. Knowing this, you shall attain nirvana (B. G. 4:32)
Renunciation and service or yajna purifies successively the gross, subtle, and causal bodies of man. The sole objective of purification is to concentrate the mind by taking away the disturbances plaguing the lake of the mind so that the Light of the Atman can shine through unhindered. Swamiji gives the various methods available for becoming detached:
Repeating the names of the Lord, meditation, worship, offering libations in sacred fire, penance- all these are for bringing forth renunciation. One who has not gained renunciation, know his efforts to be like unto those of the man who is pulling at the oars all the while that the boat is at anchor. (Works, Vol. V. p. 395)
Kaivalya Upanishad states unequivocally that Self-realization requires total renunciation:
Neither by progeny nor by wealth, but by renunciation alone some (rare ones) attained immortality. (Kaivalya Up. 3)
Hence, Swamiji declares that the two national ideals of India are renunciation and service. With the exception of realized souls, almost all sincere seekers of the Ultimate Truth regardless of time, location, race, gender, social class, educational qualifications, mental IQ, wealth, the chosen path (bhakti, jnana, raja, or karma yoga or a combination thereof), or any other attribute including the type of Hindu tradition (Buddhist, Jain, and Sikh faiths), are asked to follow the two actions of renunciation and service faultlessly for liberation from ignorance.
Aum Tat Sat
Dr. Mona Khaitan
© Sri Mahadevi Tirtha, Sharda Ma Seva Sangh, Kullu, India 2012
This article is reproduced with the express permission of Sharda Ma Seva Sangh of Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, India. Sri Maharaj Sevakdas (Babaji) was ordained by Sri Vaishno Devi of Katra Sahib to unearth the cave concealed in the Kullu ghati where Devi had successfully performed ghor tapasya as Uma Devi for the hand of Bhagwan Shiva Himself. Babaji, under the guidance of Adi Shakti, diverted a waterfall and broke through solid sheets of rocks concealing this most sacred cave of the Vaishno Mata in 1968 to fulfill Devi’s wish of establishing a tirtha sthan in Kullu, for the welfare of the afflicted masses.